| [1] |
Cazzola M,MacNee W,Martinez FJ, et al.Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials：from lung function to biomarkers[J]. Eur Respir J, 2008, 31(2): 416-469.
|
| [2] |
Biomarkers Definitions Working Group.Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints：preferred definitions and conceptual framework[J]. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2001, 69(3): 89-95.
|
| [3] |
Shorter JH,Nelson DD,McManus JB, et al.Clinical study of multiple breath biomarkers of asthma and COPD (NO, CO(2), CO and N(2)O) by infrared laser spectroscopy[J]. J Breath Res, 2011, 5(3): 037108.
|
| [4] |
Agusti AG,Villaverde JM,Togores B, et al.Serial measurements of exhaled nitric oxide during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Eur Respir J, 1999, 14(3): 523-528.
|
| [5] |
Al-Ali MK,Howarth PH.Exhaled nitric oxide levels in exacerbations of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia[J]. Saudi Med J, 2001, 22(3): 249-253.
|
| [6] |
Papi A,Bellettato CM,Braccioni F, et al.Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2006, 173(10): 1114-1121.
|
| [7] |
De Laurentiis G,Maniscalco M,Cianciulli F, et al.Exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in COPD using a portable analyzer[J]. Pulm Pharm acol Ther, 2008, 21(4): 689-693.
|
| [8] |
Antus B,Barta I,Horvath I, et al.Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and treatment response in COPD patients with exacerbations[J]. Respirology, 2010, 15(3): 472-477.
|
| [9] |
Antus B,Barta I,Kullmann T, et al.Assessment of exhaled breath condensate pH in exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：a longitudinal study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2010, 182(12): 1492-1497.
|
| [10] |
Cosio BG,Iglesias A,Rios A, et al.Low-dose theophylline enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids during exacerbations of COPD[J]. Thorax, 2009, 64(5): 424-429.
|
| [11] |
Corhay JL,Henket M,Nguyen D, et a1.Leukotriene B4 contributes to exhaled breath condensate and sputum neutrophil chemotaxis in COPD[J]. Chest, 2009, 136(4): 1047-1054.
|
| [12] |
Montnsehi P,Collins JV,Ciabattoni G, et al.Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000, 162(3 Pt 1): 1175-1177.
|
| [13] |
Ko FW,Leung TF,Wong GW, et al.Measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α, leukotriene B4, and interleukin 8 in the exhaled breath condensate in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2009(4): 79-86.
|
| [14] |
Koutsokera A,Kiropoulos TS,Nikoulis DJ, et al.Clinical, functional and biochemical changes during recovery from COPD exacerbations[J]. Respir Med, 2009, 103(6): 919-926.
|
| [15] |
Mazur W,Stark H,Sovijarvi A, et al.Comparison of 8-isoprostane and interleukin-8 in induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate from asymptomatic and symptomatic smokers[J]. Respiration, 2009, 78(2): 209-216.
|
| [16] |
Carpagnano GE,Resta O,Foschino-Barbaro MP, et al.Exhaled interleukine-6 and 8-isoprostane in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：effect of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys)[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2004, 505(1-3): 169-175.
|
| [17] |
Antczak A,Ciebiada M,Pietras T, et al.Exhaled eicosanoids and biomarkers of oxidative stress in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Arch Med Sci, 2012, 8(2): 277-285.
|
| [18] |
Sethi S,Wrona C,Eschberger K, et al.Inflammatory profile of new bacterial strain exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008, 177(5): 491-497.
|
| [19] |
Parameswaran GI,Sethi S,Murphy TF.Effects of bacterial infection on airway antimicrobial peptides and proteins in COPD[J]. Chest, 2011, 140(3): 611-617.
|
| [20] |
Brusse-Keizer MG,Grotenhuis AJ,Kerstjens HA, et al.Relation of sputum colour to bacterial load in acute exacerbations of COPD[J]. Respir Med, 2009, 103(4): 601-606.
|
| [21] |
Hurst JR,Perera WR,Wilkinson TM, et al.Systemic and upper and lower airway inflammation at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2006, 173(1): 71-78.
|
| [22] |
Sethi S,Muscarella K,Evans N, et al.Airway inflammation and etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis[J]. Chest, 2000, 118(6): 1557-1565.
|
| [23] |
O′Donnell RA,Peebles C,Ward JA, et a1.Relationship between peripheral airway dysfunction, airway obstruction, and neutrophilic inflammation in COPD[J]. Thorax, 2004, 59(10): 837-842.
|
| [24] |
Tobin MJ.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pollution, pulmonary vasular disease, transplantation, pleural disease, and lung cancer in AJRCCM 2002[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 167(3): 356-370.
|
| [25] |
Wilkinson TM,Hurst JR,Perera WR, et al.Effect of interactions between lower airway bacterial and rhinoviral infection in exacerbations of COPD[J]. Chest, 2006, 129(2): 317-324.
|
| [26] |
Pant S,Walters EH,Griffiths A, et al.Airway inflammation and anti-protease defences rapidly improve during treatment of an acute exacerbation of COPD[J]. Respirology, 2009, 14(4): 495-503.
|
| [27] |
Hodge G,Nairn J,Holmes M, et al.Increased intracellular T helper 1 proinflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage and intraepithelial T cells of COPD subjects[J]. Clin Exp Immunol, 2007, 150(1): 22-29.
|
| [28] |
Miller M,Ramsdell J,Friedman P, et al.Computed tomographic scan-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema：eotaxin-1 is associated with bronchodilator response and extent of emphysema[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2007, 120(5): 1118-1125.
|
| [29] |
Barnes PJ,Chowdhury B,Kharitonov SA, et al.Pulmonary biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Am J of Respir Crit Care Med, 2006, 174(1): 6-14.
|
| [30] |
Snoeck-Stroband JB,Lapperre TS,Gosman MM, et al.Chronic bronchitis sub-phenotype within COPD：inflammation in sputum and biopsies[J]. Eur Respir J, 2008, 31(1): 70-77.
|
| [31] |
Qiu Y,Zhu J,Bandi V, et al.Biopsy neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine and receptor gene expression in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003, 168(8): 968-975.
|
| [32] |
杨志寅. 现代医学科学发展中的缺憾和思考[J/CD]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2013, 1(1): 1-7.
|
| [33] |
郭凯,殷少军. 肺炎诊断相关标志物研究进展[J/CD]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2014, 2(2): 142-145.
|