临床决策是医疗实践的核心环节，决策水平反映医生的业务能力。常用的临床决策方法有两种："模式识别"和"系统分析"，前者依赖个人经验，决策迅速；而后者主要用于处理复杂、疑难或陌生的临床问题，费时较多。不断丰富和完善医生的个人经验，有助于提高模式识别的水平。系统分析分为四个步骤：(1)确定临床问题；(2)掌握解决问题所需要的资源；(3)列举所有可能的选择并加以比较；(4)做出决策并加以评估。无论用何种方法做出决策，都需要密切随访观察，追踪病情变化，以肯定或修正原有判断。临床决策是医学教育的重要内容，掌握其原理和方法有助于医学生及年轻医生更好、更快地成长。

Clinical decision-making is the core link of medical practice and reflects the skill as well as capacity for physicians.It consists of two methods: pattern recognition and systemic analysis.Pattern recognition highly relies on personal experience and requires little time to implement.Systemic analysis, on the other hand, is used to solve complicated, difficult, or unfamiliar problems and consumes more time.Accumulation and refinement of personal experience is the key to improve accuracy of pattern recognition.Systemic analysis includes four steps: (1)specifying the clinical problem; (2)clarifying and obtaining relevant resources; (3)listing all the options and weighing the benefit and the risk; (4)listing the decision and evaluating its effect through the follow-up.Close observation and dynamic monitoring of the patients are mandatory to confirm or adjust the initial judgment.Medical education should include the principle and the method of clinical decision-making to establishe a better environment for young physicians as well as medical students.