冲击伤是在冲击波作用下，机体所发生的各种损伤。战争冲突、意外伤害是冲击伤发生的主要原因。进入二十一世纪以来，中国社会进步和经济发展为世界瞩目。然而，在社会安全领域，特别是在全球区域性矛盾和局部冲突加剧的背景下，爆炸事故渐增且呈多样化趋势，并在伤情和转归方面表现出与战时冲击伤不尽相同的新特点。为此，深入了解人类对爆炸冲击伤认识的历史变迁，洞悉其精准诊治原则，对于突破冲击伤研究的理论和技术瓶颈，切实提升我国冲击伤的预防、诊断和治疗水平，具有重要的临床价值和深远的社会意义。

Blast injury usually occurs in human bodies exposed to blast wave (shock wave). War conflict and accidents account for the pathogenesis of blast injury.Since entering the 21th century, the Chinese achievement in social progress and economical development has grasped the world′s eyesight.Nevertheless, in the field of social safety especially facing the aggravation of regional contradiction and local conflict in the world, the explosion accidents have showed the tendency of gradual increase and diversification.Furthermore, these non-martial blast injuries have manifested some new characteristics in traumatic condition as well as outcome.Thus, we need to deeply understand the historical transition of explosive blast injury, clearly know its principle of precision diagnosis and treatment. It is valuable to break through the theoretical and technological bottleneck for research in blast injury.Moreover, it is of great clinical value and social significance.