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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 04 ›› Issue (02) : 107 -111. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2016.02.010

所属专题: 文献

临床研究

酷似免疫性脑炎的线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作综合征的诊断学特征
梁英武1, 辛顺宝2,(), 冯青1, 满宜刚1   
  1. 1. 272013 济宁医学院附属济宁市第一人民医院儿科神经病区
    2. 272013 济宁医学院附属济宁市第一人民医院影像中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-10 出版日期:2016-05-26
  • 通信作者: 辛顺宝
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金(ZR2015HL039)

Diagnostics features of MELAS syndrome mimicking autoimmune encephalitis

Yingwu Liang1, Shunbao Xin2,(), Qing Feng1, Yigang Man1   

  1. 1. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China
    2. Department of Imaging, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China
  • Received:2016-05-10 Published:2016-05-26
  • Corresponding author: Shunbao Xin
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Xin Shunbao, Email:
引用本文:

梁英武, 辛顺宝, 冯青, 满宜刚. 酷似免疫性脑炎的线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作综合征的诊断学特征[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2016, 04(02): 107-111.

Yingwu Liang, Shunbao Xin, Qing Feng, Yigang Man. Diagnostics features of MELAS syndrome mimicking autoimmune encephalitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2016, 04(02): 107-111.

目的

探讨酷似免疫性脑炎的线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作(MELAS)综合征的临床、神经电生理及影像学改变的诊断学特征,总结诊疗过程。

方法

回顾性分析1例酷似免疫性脑炎的MELAS综合征的发病过程及临床资料,并复习相关文献。

结果

患儿曾以发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐、视物模糊、眼球阵挛、步态不稳等相似症状分别于3,6个月前误诊为病毒性脑炎、免疫性脑炎两次住院,经治疗症状逐渐好转出院。现以相同症状加重并出现视物不清、行走困难再次入院。检查脑脊液常规及抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDA-R)抗体阴性,脑电图显示右侧枕部、后颞部大量散发-阵发性棘波/棘慢复合波、尖波/尖慢复合波,可波及右侧顶部;头颅磁共振(MRI)表现多样,可累及皮质和髓质,以灰质为主,表现为脑回明显肿胀,脑沟变窄、变浅,DWI呈弥散受限高信号,晚期脑组织可出现局部软化、脑萎缩改变,病灶可反复出现,基因检测A3243G位点突变,最终确诊为MELAS综合征。

结论

临床症状酷似免疫性脑炎的患儿,遇有病情不稳、症状反复出现,应做进一步检查,排除或确诊是否为MELAS综合征。

Objective

To explore the clinical, electrophysiological and imaging characteristics of a case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic academia and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome mimicking an autoimmune encephalitis and summarize the treatment process.

Methods

The pathogenesis and clinical data one case of MELAS syndrome mimicking an autoimmune encephalitis was analyzed retrospectively, and relevant literatures were reviewed.

Results

The patient was admitted to hospital for fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, eye myoclonus, ataxia and other symptoms twice 3 and 6 months ago, and misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis.The symptoms gradually improved after treatment and discharged.The patient was transferred to our hospital for the third time, because of blurred vision and difficult walking.Routine examination of cerebrospinal was performed and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody was negative.EEG showed the right side of the occipitalia, posterior temporal distributed a large number sporadic-paroxysmal spikes/spike slow wave complex, spike/sharp slow wave complex, which could be spread to the top of the right side.MRI showed temporal gyrus was markedly swollen, sulci was narrower and lighter.DWI showed high signal, local softening in the left temporal occipital cortex, genetic testing showing A3243G mutation, eventually diagnosed as MELAS syndrome.

Conclusion

Children whose clinical symptoms resemble autoimmune encephalitis, should be given further examination to rule out or confirm the diagnosis of MELAS syndrome in case of illness instability and recurrent symptoms.

图1 MELAS综合征患儿横轴位颅脑磁共振平扫图像。a图为T2WI,b图为T1WI,c图为T2FLAIR,d图为DWI;左侧颞枕叶脑回略肿胀,脑沟变窄、变浅,皮层区T1WI呈略低信号,T2WI呈略高信号,T2FLAIR及DWI像呈略高信号影(白箭头)。MELAS:线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作
图2 MELAS综合征患儿治疗后第2次发病横轴位颅脑磁共振平扫图像。a图为T2WI,b图为T1WI,c图为T2FLAIR,d图为DWI;右侧颞枕叶新发病灶,脑回明显肿胀,脑沟变窄、变浅,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,T2FLAIR及DWI像呈高信号影(白箭头),左侧颞枕叶皮层区病灶软化(黑箭头)。MELAS:线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作
图3 MELAS综合征患儿复诊横轴位颅脑磁共振平扫图像。a图为T2WI,b图为T1WI,c图为T2FLAIR,d图为DWI;双侧颞枕叶皮层区病灶软化,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,T2FLAIR呈高信号影,DWI像呈等信号(白箭头)。MELAS:线粒体脑肌病伴乳酸酸中毒及卒中样发作
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