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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (04) : 268 -272. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2021.04.012

临床研究

2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的超声诊断价值与相关危险因素分析
李霞1,(), 何薇1, 孙晓玲1, 郑沙沙1, 褚洪毅1, 张旭胜1   
  1. 1. 611730 成都市郫都区人民医院(成都医学院第三附属医院)超声科
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-11 出版日期:2021-11-26
  • 通信作者: 李霞

The diagnostic value of ultrasound of lower extremity arterial disease in type 2 diabetic patients and analysis of related risk factors

Xia Li1,(), Wei He1, Xiaoling Sun1, Shasha Zheng1, Hongyi Chu1, Xusheng Zhang1   

  1. 1. Department of Ultrasound, Pidu District People′s Hospital of Chengdu (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu 611730, China
  • Received:2020-12-11 Published:2021-11-26
  • Corresponding author: Xia Li
引用本文:

李霞, 何薇, 孙晓玲, 郑沙沙, 褚洪毅, 张旭胜. 2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的超声诊断价值与相关危险因素分析[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2021, 09(04): 268-272.

Xia Li, Wei He, Xiaoling Sun, Shasha Zheng, Hongyi Chu, Xusheng Zhang. The diagnostic value of ultrasound of lower extremity arterial disease in type 2 diabetic patients and analysis of related risk factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2021, 09(04): 268-272.

目的

探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下肢动脉病变的超声诊断价值与相关危险因素。

方法

选择2019年1月至2020年6月于成都市郫都区人民医院超声科就诊的疑似T2DM下肢动脉病变的患者236例,患者均行超声及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,根据DSA检查结果将患者分为下肢动脉病变组(n=195)和无下肢动脉病变组(n=41)。以DSA检查结果为金标准,比较不同严重程度下肢动脉病变患者超声检出率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响T2DM患者下肢动脉病变的危险因素。

结果

1级狭窄超声检出率最低,为75.38%(49/65),2级84.72%(61/72),3级90.70%(39/43),4级100.00%(15/15),T2DM患者不同严重程度下肢动脉病变超声检出率差异具有统计学意义(H=5.14,P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示下肢动脉病变组与无下肢动脉病变组患者年龄[(68.13±7.51)岁,(62.07±6.80)岁]、糖尿病病程[(12.38±3.71)年,(10.17±2.85)年]、肌酐水平[(102.17±20.09)μmol/L,(93.54±23.90)μmol/L]、尿素氮水平[(7.72±2.03)mmol/L,(6.71±1.95)mmol/L]、血尿酸水平[(472.05±94.18 )μmol/L,(421.05±90.58)μmol/L]、他汀类药物使用率[43.59%(85/195),21.95%(9/41) ]、阿司匹林使用率[63.08%(123/195),36.59%(15/41) ]、合并糖尿病周围神经病变率[47.18% (92/195),26.83%(11/41)]、合并糖尿病肾病率[60.51%(118/195),34.15%(14/41)]及合并高血压率[82.05%(160/195),43.90%(18/41)]比较,均差异有统计学意义(t=4.77,3.60,2.42,2.92,3.17; χ2=6.62,9.29,5.70,9.55,26.60;均P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示糖尿病病程延长(OR=1.435,95%CI:1.095~1.880 )、血尿酸水平升高(OR=1.467,95%CI:1.045~2.059)、合并糖尿病周围神经病变(OR=1.353,95%CI:1.024~1.787)及合并高血压(OR=1.458,95%CI:1.134~1.874 )为T2DM下肢动脉病变的危险因素(均P<0.05)。

结论

超声检查对2,3,4级T2DM下肢动脉病变检出率高于1级狭窄,T2DM患者下肢动脉病变主要受糖尿病病程、血尿酸水平、合并高血压、合并糖尿病周围神经病变的影响。

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound and related risk factors of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

Methods

From January 2019 to June 2020, 236 T2DM patients with suspected lower extremity arterial disease were selected from the Ultrasound Department of Pidu District People′s Hospital of Chengdu. All patients underwent ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). According to the results of DSA, the patients were divided into the lower extremity arterial disease group (n=195) and non-lower extremity arterial disease group (n=41). The results of DSA were used as the gold standard to compare the ultrasound detection rates of patients with lower extremity arterial disease of different severity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of the lower extremity arterial disease in T2DM patients.

Results

A total of 195 cases of 236 patients were diagnosed as lower extremity arterial disease by DSA. The ultrasonic detection rate of grade 1 stenosis was the lowest, only 75.38%(49/65), while grade 2 was 84.72%(61/72), grade 3 was 90.70%(39/43) and grade 4 was 100.00%(15/15). The difference of ultrasonic detection rate of different severity of lower extremity artery disease in T2DM patients was statistically significant (H=5.14, P<0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that the age [(68.13±7.51)years, (62.07±6.80)years], duration of diabetes [(12.38±3.71) years, (10.17±2.85) years], creatinine levels [(102.17±20.09)μmol/L, (93.54±23.90)μmol/L], urea nitrogen levels [(7.72±2.03)mmol/L, (6.71±1.95)mmol/L], blood uric acid levels[(472.05±94.18 )μmol/L, (421.05±90.58)μmol/L], statins use rates [43.59%(85/195), 21.95%(9/41)], aspirin use rates [63.08%(123/195), 36.59%(15/41)], diabetic peripheral neuropathy rates [47.18%(92/195), 26.83%(11/41)], diabetic nephropathy rates [60.51%(118/195), 34.15%(14/41)] and hypertension [82.05%(160/195), 43.90%(18/41)] were compared between the lower extremity arterial disease group and the non-lower extremity arterial disease group, the differences were statistically significant (t=4.77, 3.60, 2.42, 2.92, 3.17, χ2=6.62, 9.29, 5.70, 9.55, 26.60, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis on a single-factor basis showed that prolonged duration of diabetes (OR=1.435, 95%CI: 1.095-1.880), higher blood uric acid level (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.045-2.059), combining with diabetes peripheral neuropathy (OR=1.353, 95%CI: 1.024-1.787) and hypertension (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.134-1.874) were risk factors for lower extremity arterial disease in T2DM patients (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The detection rates of lower extremity arterial lesions in T2DM patients of grade 2, 3 and 4 by ultrasonography are higher than that of grade 1 stenosis. T2DM patients with lower extremity arterial disease are mainly affected by the course of diabetes, serum uric acid level, hypertension and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

表1 超声对T2DM患者不同严重程度下肢动脉病变检出率比较
表2 两组T2DM患者下肢动脉病变的单因素分析
项目 下肢动脉病变组(n=195) 无下肢动脉病变组(n=41) 统计量 P
性别(例,%)     χ2=0.15 0.702
  84(43.08) 19(46.34)    
  111(56.92) 22(53.66)    
年龄(岁,±s) 68.13±7.51 62.07±6.80 t=4.77 0.000
糖尿病病程(年,±s) 12.38±3.71 10.17±2.85 t=3.60 0.000
吸烟史(例,%)     χ2=0.17 0.682
  144(73.85) 29(70.73)    
  51(26.15) 12(29.27)    
BMI(kg/m2±s) 24.81±4.29 25.09±4.51 t=-0.38 0.707
LDL-C(mmol/L,±s) 2.75±0.84 2.80±0.79 t=-0.35 0.727
HDL-C(mmol/L,±s) 1.13±0.25 1.15±0.31 t=-0.45 0.656
甘油三酯(mmol/L,±s) 4.61±1.39 4.66±1.33 t=-0.21 0.833
总胆固醇(mmol/L,±s) 1.47±0.39 1.52±0.34 t=-0.76 0.223
肌酐(μmol/L,±s) 102.17±20.09 93.54±23.90 t=2.42 0.016
尿素氮(mmol/L,±s) 7.72±2.03 6.71±1.95 t=2.92 0.004
血尿酸(μmol/L,±s) 472.05±94.18 421.05±90.58 t=3.17 0.002
空腹血糖(mmol/L,±s) 8.52±2.61 8.35±2.37 t=0.39 0.701
糖化血红蛋白(%,±s) 8.51±2.09 8.62±2.11 t=-0.28 0.781
药物使用(例,%)        
  他汀类 85(43.59) 9(21.95) χ2=6.62 0.010
  阿司匹林 123(63.08) 15(36.59) χ2=9.29 0.002
合并疾病(例,%)        
  糖尿病视网膜病变(例,%) 82(42.05) 21(51.22) χ2=1.16 0.282
  糖尿病周围神经病变(例,%) 92(47.18) 11(26.83) χ2=5.70 0.017
  糖尿病肾病(例,%) 118(60.51) 14(34.15) χ2=9.55 0.002
  原发性高血压病(例,%) 160(82.05) 18(43.90) χ2=26.60 0.000
表3 T2DM患者下肢动脉病变的多因素Logistic回归分析
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