探讨永存正中动脉并正中神经双支变异的超声诊断特征。

回顾性分析2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日就诊于济宁医学院附属医院超声科的7例永存正中动脉并正中神经双支变异患者的临床及超声图像特征，其中3例手术确诊，总结永存正中动脉并正中神经双支变异的超声诊断学特征。

7例患者临床症状多表现为前臂或腕部疼痛不适，常伴有桡侧手指麻木。超声诊断特征为前臂可显示异常搏动的管状无回声，与正中神经伴行，正中神经变异为两支束状的低回声，有独立的高回声神经外膜，二者并行进入腕管，腕管可见正中神经卡压，卡压处前后径1.6 mm~1.9 mm，近端正中神经肿胀增粗，前后径增大至2.8 mm~3.5 mm。3例患者经手术证实，术中发现正中神经肿胀，前臂段分为两支，与永存正中动脉伴行进入腕管，腕管内正中神经可见不同程度卡压。

超声检查永存正中动脉并正中神经双支变异有明确的诊断学特征，对临床诊断有重要的指导意义。

To investigate the ultrasonic diagnostic characteristics of persistent median artery and median nerve double branch variation.

Retrospective analysis of the clinical and ultrasound image characteristics of 7 patients with persistent median artery and median nerve double branch variation treated at Ultrasound Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022 was performed. Three of them were found surgically. The ultrasonic diagnostic characteristics of the persistent median artery and median nerve double branch variation were summarized.

The majority of the 7 patients′ clinical complaints were forearm or wrist pain and discomfort, frequently accompanied with radial finger numbness. The ultrasonic diagnostic characteristics were as follows: the forearm showed abnormal pulsating tubular anecho, accompanied by the median nerve, the median nerve changed into two bundles of hypoecho, and there was an independent hyperechoic outer nerve membrane, both of which entered the carpal tunnel in parallel, and the median nerve entrapment can be seen in the carpal tunnel, and the anteroposterior diameter of the compression site was 1.6 mm-1.9 mm, and the proximal middle nerve was swollen and enlarged, and the anteroposterior diameter increased to 2.8 mm-3.5 mm. Surgery on 3 patients revealed different degrees of median nerve entrapment in the carpal tunnel and confirmed that the median nerve had swollen during the procedure. The forearm segment was split into two branches that entered the carpal tunnel with the permanent median artery.

Ultrasound examination of the persistent median artery and double branches of the median nerve has clear diagnostic characteristics, which has important guiding significance for clinical diagnosis.