人工智能(AI)技术正深度革新医学教育模式，DeepSeek-R1大语言模型凭借其开源特性、混合专家架构与复杂推理能力，为肾内科以案例为基础学习(CBL)的教学提供了突破传统瓶颈的新路径。传统CBL在肾内科见习中面临病例资源匮乏、个性化指导不足及教学效能低下等挑战。DeepSeek能通过动态病例生成﹑智能互动问答﹑精准打分评估为CBL教学赋能，不仅显著提升教师的教学效率，还有效锻炼了学生的临床决策能力。然而，要审慎应对AI依赖、数据隐私和师生培训等关键挑战。未来可进一步融合虚拟现实多模态技术，构建跨校案例共享系统，这种融合AI的CBL教学模式有望成为培养高素质临床肾脏病专科医生的核心教学工具之一。

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is deeply revolutionizing the medical education model. The DeepSeek-R1 large language model, with its open-source nature, hybrid expert architecture and complex reasoning ability, provides a new path to break through the traditional bottleneck for case-based learning (CBL) in nephrology education. Traditional CBL faces challenges such as scarce case resources, insufficient personalized guidance and low teaching efficiency during nephrology internships. DeepSeek can empower CBL through dynamic case generation, intelligent interactive question and answer, and precise scoring and evaluation. It not only significantly improves teachers′ teaching efficiency, but also effectively exercises students' clinical decision-making ability. However, key challenges such as AI reliance, data privacy, and the training of teachers and students should be dealt with caution. In the future, virtual reality multimodal technology can be further integrated, and a cross-school case sharing system can be constructed. This AI-integrated CBL model is expected to become one of the core teaching tools for cultivating high-quality clinical nephrology specialists.