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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03) : 182 -187. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2026.03.005

临床研究

直升机飞行人员疲劳状况及特勤疗养效果分析
周阿香1, 张哲鹏2, 沈静萍2, 梁伟灵2, 王涛2, 朱芳2, 陈畅2, 王艳2, 张宏媛2, 杨策1,()   
  1. 1400042 重庆,陆军军医大学大坪医院特殊环境战伤防治研究室,创伤与化学中毒全国重点实验室
    2066100 秦皇岛,北戴河康复疗养中心疗养七科
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-29 出版日期:2026-08-26
  • 通信作者: 杨策
  • 基金资助:
    陆军军医大学科技创新能力提升专项项目(2023XJS43)

Analysis of fatigue status and special service convalescence effect among helicopter pilots

Axiang Zhou1, Zhepeng Zhang2, Jingping Shen2, Weiling Liang2, Tao Wang2, Fang Zhu2, Chang Chen2, Yan Wang2, Hongyuan Zhang2, Ce Yang1,()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Department of Special War Wound, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
    2Seven Departments, Beidaihe Rest and Recuperation Center, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
  • Received:2026-05-29 Published:2026-08-26
  • Corresponding author: Ce Yang
引用本文:

周阿香, 张哲鹏, 沈静萍, 梁伟灵, 王涛, 朱芳, 陈畅, 王艳, 张宏媛, 杨策. 直升机飞行人员疲劳状况及特勤疗养效果分析[J/OL]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2026, 14(03): 182-187.

Axiang Zhou, Zhepeng Zhang, Jingping Shen, Weiling Liang, Tao Wang, Fang Zhu, Chang Chen, Yan Wang, Hongyuan Zhang, Ce Yang. Analysis of fatigue status and special service convalescence effect among helicopter pilots[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(03): 182-187.

目的

探讨直升机飞行人员疲劳状况及特勤疗养效果,分析影响直升机飞行人员疲劳的相关因素。

方法

采用单中心观察性研究方法,选取2024年4月至2024年8月在某康复疗养机构进行疗养的直升机飞行人员。通过一般资料问卷和多维疲劳量表中文版问卷,测定437例直升机飞行人员的疲劳分数。收集基本飞行资料和人口学特征,完善血常规、血液生化指标检测及相关影像学检查。采用两独立样本t检验及卡方检验比较疲劳组与非疲劳组不同人口特征及临床资料差异,并比较疗养前后疲劳组内改善与未改善人员资料,采用Logistic回归分析法分析影响直升机飞行人群疲劳改善的相关因素。

结果

回收调查文件437份,有效问卷379份。共纳入直升机飞行人员379例,其中疲劳组150例(39.58%),非疲劳组229例(60.42%)。疲劳组年龄[32.0(27.5,38.0)岁]、飞行时间≥1 000 h的飞行人员比例[56.67%(85/150)]、运输型直升机飞行人员比例[59.33%(89/150)]均高于非疲劳组[30.0(26.0,34.0)岁,39.30%(90/229),48.47%(111/229)],均差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.429,χ2=10.997,4.290;均P< 0.05)。两组单位地域分布差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.717,P< 0.01)。感染新型冠状病毒1次以上及感染新冠病毒3个月后仍有阳性症状的直升机飞行人员更易出现疲劳(χ2=6.524,16.897;均P< 0.05)。经过规范疗养,出院时疲劳分数[(35.27±12.07)分]低于入院时疲劳分数[(37.60±11.45)分],差异有统计学意义(t=4.919,P< 0.01)。疲劳人员经疗养后,未改善组吸烟比例[75.93%(41/54)]高于改善组[32.29%(31/96)]。吸烟是影响直升机飞行人员疲劳改善的重要因素(OR=0.151,95%CI:0.071~0.322;P< 0.01)。

结论

规范疗养可有效缓解直升机飞行人员疲劳。年龄偏大、长飞行时间、运输机型、单位地域、新冠病毒感染次数及新冠病毒感染后3个月伴迁延性症状是发生疲劳的主要危险因素,吸烟可能是阻碍疲劳恢复的重要因素。

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of fatigue and the effects of special service convalescence, and to analyze factors associated with fatigue in helicopter pilots.

Methods

A single center observational study was employed, selecting helicopter pilots undergoing convalescence at a rehabilitation and recuperation institution from April 2024 to August 2024. A general information questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 (MFI-20) questionnaire were selected to assess the fatigue scores of 437 helicopter pilots. Basic flight and demographic data were collected, and routine blood tests, biochemical tests, as well as relevant imaging examinations were further conducted. Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics between fatigued and non-fatigued groups were performed using independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests. Furthermore, data from improved and non-improved subgroups within the fatigue cohort were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing fatigue improvement among helicopter pilots.

Results

Of the 437 questionnaires retrieved, 379 were valid. A total of 379 helicopter pilots were enrolled, including 150(39.58%) in the fatigue group and 229(60.42%) in the non-fatigue group. Compared with the non-fatigue group, the fatigue group exhibited significantly higher age [32.0(27.5, 38.0)years, 30.0(26.0, 34.0)years, Z=-3.429, P< 0.01], a greater proportion of personnel with flight hours ≥1 000 h [56.67%(85/150), 39.30%(90/229), χ2=10.997, P< 0.01], and a higher prevalence of transport helicopter pilots [59.33%(89/150), 48.47%(111/229), χ2=4.290, P< 0.05]. Significant difference was also observed in the regional distribution across units (χ2=19.717, P< 0.01). Flight personnel with more than one COVID-19 infection or persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms beyond three months exhibited a higher prevalence of fatigue (χ2=6.524, 16.897, all P< 0.05). Following standardized convalescent care, the discharge fatigue score (35.27±12.07) was significantly lower than the admission score (37.60±11.45, t=4.919, P<0.01). Among the fatigued cohort, the proportion of smokers was significantly higher in the non-improved subgroup [75.93%(41/54)] than in the improved subgroup [32.29%(31/96)]. Smoking emerged as a significant independent factor associated with fatigue improvement (OR=0.151, 95%CI: 0.071-0.322, P< 0.01).

Conclusions

Standardized recuperation effectively alleviates fatigue among helicopter pilots. Higher age, extended flight hours, piloting transport helicopters, duty station location, repeated COVID-19 infections, and persistent symptoms 3 months post-COVID-19 represent major risk factors for fatigue. Smoking may significantly impede fatigue recovery.

表1 直升机飞行人员疲劳组与非疲劳组基础资料比较
项目 非疲劳组(n=229) 疲劳组(n=150) 统计量 P
年龄[岁,M(Q1Q3)] 30.0(26.0,34.0) 32.0(27.5,38.0) Z=-3.429 <0.001
收缩压[mmHg,M(Q1Q3)] 120(118,124) 120(120,124) Z=-0.909 0.364
舒张压[mmHg,M(Q1Q3)] 76(74,78) 75.5(72,78) Z=-0.239 0.811
脉搏[次,M(Q1Q3)] 70(68,72) 70(68,72) Z=-0.848 0.397
身高[m,M(Q1Q3)] 1.74(1.70,1.78) 1.74(1.71,1.78) Z=-0.650 0.516
体重[kg,M(Q1Q3)] 72(67,79) 72(68,78) Z=-0.014 0.989
体重指数(kg/m2±s) 24.02±2.22 23.86±2.23 t=0.673 0.501
已婚[例(%)] 170(74.23) 123(82.00) χ2=3.115 0.078
汉族[例(%)] 221(96.51) 141(94.00) χ2=1.329 0.249
类别[例(%)]     χ2=0.325 0.568
飞行员[例(%)] 165(72.05) 104(69.33)    
机械师[例(%)] 64(27.95) 46(30.67)    
机型[例(%)]     χ2=4.290 0.038
运输直升机[例(%)] 111(48.47) 89(59.33)    
武装直升机[例(%)] 118(51.53) 61(40.67)    
单位地域[例(%)]     χ2=19.717 <0.001
华东 15(6.55) 24(16.00)    
华西 39(17.03) 38(25.33)    
华南 39(17.03) 30(20.00)    
华北 25(10.92) 14(9.33)    
华中 111(48.47) 44(29.34)    
吸烟[例(%)] 107(46.72) 72(48.00) χ2=0.059 0.808
飞行时间[例(%)]     χ2=10.997 <0.001
<1 000 h 139(60.70) 65(43.33)    
≥1 000 h 90(39.30) 85(56.67)    
肺结节[例(%)] 34(14.85) 22(14.67) χ2=0.002 0.961
甲状腺结节[例(%)] 88(38.43) 52(34.67) χ2=0.550 0.458
血红蛋白(g/L,±s) 159.00±9.75 159.00±9.81 t=0.744 0.457
血尿酸升高[例(%)] 95(41.48) 64(42.67) χ2=0.052 0.820
甘油三酯升高[例(%)] 79(34.50) 63(42.00) χ2=2.177 0.140
新冠感染次数[例(%)]     χ2=6.524 0.038
0次 36(15.72) 25(16.66)    
1次 152(66.38) 82(54.67)    
>1次 41(17.90) 43(28.67)    
接种新冠疫苗[例(%)] 219(95.63) 139(92.67) χ2=1.524 0.217
新冠感染3个月后有阳性症状[例(%)] 75(32.75) 81(54.00) χ2=16.897 <0.001
入院疲劳分数(分,±s) 29.96 ± 5.51 49.27 ± 7.69 t=-28.469 <0.001
表2 疗养前后直升机飞行疲劳人员改善组与未改善组资料比较
表3 影响直升机飞行人员疲劳改善的二元Logistic回归分析
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