建立化学致癌剂4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4NQO)诱导的小鼠食管癌前病变模型，探讨沙棘干乳剂对食管上皮内瘤变的阻断作用。

选取145只健康昆明雄性小鼠，按照随机数字表法分为A、B、C、D 4组，其中A组(空白对照组，n＝10，正常饮食、饮蒸馏水，不施加干预)、B组(4NQO诱癌组，n＝45)、C组(沙棘干乳剂治疗组，n＝45)和D组(全反式维甲酸组，n＝45)。B、C、D 3组均于实验开始第1天至第14周末，自由饮用浓度0.1 g/ml的4NQO水溶液，直至第14周末时小鼠食管癌前病变模型建立成功，B、C和D组分别给予蒸馏水、沙棘干乳剂和全反式维甲酸灌胃，分别于第19周末处死解剖小鼠A组2只，B组、C组和D组小鼠各20只，第24周末处死解剖小鼠A组2只、B组16只、C组25只和D组25只，通过苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和病理组织学检测方法观察并比较各组小鼠食管上皮黏膜组织变化情况，分析沙棘干乳剂对小鼠食管上皮内瘤变的作用。

小鼠喂养19周前B组、C组和D各组小鼠食管上皮黏膜组织增生变化不明显。24周后C组和D组小鼠食管高级别上皮内瘤变率分别为60.00%(15/25)和52.00%(13/25)，两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.85，P>0.05)，但均明显低于B组93.75%(15/16)(χ²＝3.97，4.22；均P<0.05)；C组和D组小鼠食管低级别上皮内瘤变率分别为40.00%(10/25)和48.00%(12/25)，两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝2.68，P>0.05)，均明显高于B组6.25%(1/16)(χ²＝5.66，7.86；均P<0.05)。

沙棘干乳剂对食管上皮内瘤变有一定的阻断作用，可阻断其向高级别瘤变发展，但还不能明确沙棘干乳剂对上皮内瘤变有治疗或逆转作用。

To establish a mouse model of esophageal precancerous lesion induced by chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), and to investigate the blocking effect of seabuckthorn emulsion on esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia.

One hundred and forty-five healthy Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups: group A (blank control group, n=10, normal diet, drinking distilled water without intervention), group B (4NQO induced cancer group, n=45), group C (seabuckthorn emulsion treatment group, n=45) and group D (all-trans retinoic acid treatment group, n=45). Group B, C and D all drank the 4NQO solution of 0.1 g/ml freely from the first day to the 14th weekend, until the mouse esophageal precancerous lesion model was established successfully. Group B, C and D were given distilled water, seabuckthorn emulsion and all-trans retinoic acid respectively by intragastric administration. At the 19th weekend, 2 mice in group A, 20 mice in group B, 20 mice in group C and 20 mice in group D were executed. At the 24th weekend, 2 mice in group A, 16 mice in group B, 25 mice in group C and 25 mice in group D were executed. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histopathological examination were used to observe and compare the changes of esophageal epithelial mucosa in each group of mice, and the effect of seabuckthorn emulsion on esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia in mice was analyzed.

There were no significant changes in the proliferation of esophageal epithelial tissues among the B, C and D groups before 19 w feeding. After 24 weeks, the esophageal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia rates in C and D groups were 60.00%(15/25) and 52.00%(13/25), respectively, with no significant difference (χ²=0.85, P>0.05), which were significantly lower than those in group B [93.75% (15/16) (χ²=3.97, 4.22, all P<0.05)]. The esophageal low grade intraepithelial neoplasia rates were 40.00% (10/25) and 48.00% (12/25) in group C and D respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (χ²=2.68, P>0.05), which were significantly higher than that in group B [6.25% (1/16) (χ²=5.66, 7.86, all P<0.05)].

Seabuckthorn emulsion has a certain blocking effect on esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia, which can block its development to high-grade neoplasia, but it is not clear that seabuckthorn emulsion has a therapeutic or reversal effect on esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia.