创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是指个体经历突发性、威胁性或灾难性生活事件后，延迟出现和长期持续存在的精神障碍。根据PTSD的诊断标准，PTSD发生的外在因素(诱因)，首要条件是有创伤性事件经历，即个体所处的外在环境对PTSD的发生至关重要。特殊环境如高原、爆炸、地震、烧伤及其他灾害环境，包括海难、矿难及泥石流，都会增加PTSD的发生风险。近年来，随着意外创伤性事件及自然灾害的频繁发生，PTSD的发病率逐年增加，且病程长，治愈率低，已受到高度关注。PTSD不仅可导致个体生活质量下降、社会职业功能受损，而且还经常与物质滥用、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧等共病，并且在缺少社会支持的情况下，给患者、家庭及社会造成长期持续的负面影响，带来沉重的经济负担。为探讨特殊环境下PTSD的发生规律，以便对PTSD进行早期预警，笔者回顾了特殊环境下PTSD的流行病学特点及可采取的干预策略。

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) refers to a mental disorder in which an individual experiences a delayed, long-lasting and long-term meutal disorder after experiencing sudden, threatening or catastrophic life events. According to the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, the experience of traumatic events is the primary condition, that is to say, the external environment of individuals is crucial to the occurrence of PTSD. Special environments, such as plateaus, explosions, earthquakes, burns, and other disaster environments, including shipwrecks, mine disasters, and debris flows, can increase the risk of PTSD. In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of accidental traumatic events and natural disaster, the incidence of PTSD has increased year by year, and the disease duration is long while the cure rate is low, which has attracted great attention. PTSD can not only lead to the decline of individual quality of life and the damage of social and occupational functions, but also often share diseases with substance abuse, depression, anxiety, phobia and so on. In the absence of social support, PTSD can cause long-term negative impact on patients, families and society, and bring heavy economic burden. In order to explore the occurrence of PTSD in special environment and early warning of PTSD, this study reviewed the epidemiological characteristics of PTSD in special environment and the available intervention strategies.