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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (02) : 103 -110. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2025.02.006

影像学诊断研究

PET/CT联合增强CT在睾丸恶性肿瘤中的诊断价值
周永荣1, 王淑侠1,()   
  1. 1. 510080 广州,南方医科大学附属广东省人民医院核医学科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-05-26
  • 通信作者: 王淑侠

The diagnostic value of PET/CT combined with enhanced CT in testicular malignant tumors

Yongrong Zhou1, Shuxia Wang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2025-02-12 Published:2025-05-26
  • Corresponding author: Shuxia Wang
引用本文:

周永荣, 王淑侠. PET/CT联合增强CT在睾丸恶性肿瘤中的诊断价值[J/OL]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2025, 13(02): 103-110.

Yongrong Zhou, Shuxia Wang. The diagnostic value of PET/CT combined with enhanced CT in testicular malignant tumors[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2025, 13(02): 103-110.

目的

探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机体层显像仪(PET/CT)联合增强CT对睾丸恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。

方法

回顾性分析于广东省人民医院2008年4月至2020年7月就诊的,经活检或手术病理证实的49例睾丸恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料、PET/CT及增强CT影像结果。将患者分为血液系统睾丸肿瘤(n=26)和非血液系统睾丸肿瘤(n=23)。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较两组患者PET代谢参数最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、最大标准摄取值病变/背景比值(SUVmax L/B)的差异;采用卡方检验比较精原细胞瘤与非精原细胞瘤患者增强CT特征的组间差异。

结果

49例患者中血液系统肿瘤患者SUVmax水平较非血液系统肿瘤高[9.2(6.9,13.4),7.8(4.8,9.1)],差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.02,P<0.05);SUVmax L/B[3.5(1.9,6.1),2.5(1.7,3.1)]比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.71,P>0.05)。26例血液系统睾丸肿瘤及11例精原细胞瘤CT增强表现为均匀强化,无坏死,边界清晰,FDG代谢不同程度增高;12例非精原细胞瘤CT增强表现为明显不均匀强化,有坏死,边界不清晰,FDG代谢稍增高。对精原细胞瘤与非精原细胞瘤增强CT特征进行比较,其中强化程度[分别为6例(轻度),4例(中度),1例(明显);0例(轻度),4例(中度),8例(明显)]、坏死(3例,10例)和边界不清晰(0例,5例)均差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.42,5.32,11.24;均P<0.05);对两组患者SUVmax、SUVmax L/B进行比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=0.77,-0.92;均P>0.05)。49例患者临床分期中Ⅰ期11例,Ⅱ期19例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅳ期13例。

结论

18F-FDG PET/CT联合增强CT检查在睾丸恶性肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及分期上有较高的价值。

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) combined with enhanced CT in testicular malignant tumors.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, PET/CT and enhanced CT image results of 49 patients with testicular malignant tumors confirmed by biopsy or surgical pathology in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from April 2008 to July 2020. The patients were divided into hematological testicular tumors (n=26) and non-hematological testicular tumors (n=23). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of PET metabolic parameters and the SUVmax lesion/background ratio (SUVmax L/B) between the two groups. The chi-square test was used to compare the intergroup differences in enhanced CT features between patients with seminoma and those without seminoma.

Results

Among the 49 patients, the SUVmax level of patients with hematological systemic tumors was higher than that of patients with non-hematological tumors [9.2(6.9,13.4),7.8(4.8,9.1)], and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.02, P<0.05);SUVmax L/B values were [3.5(1.9, 6.1), 2.5(1.7, 3.1)], there was no statistically significant difference (Z=-0.71, P>0.05). CT enhancement in 26 cases of hematological testicular tumors and 11 cases of seminoma showed uniform enhancement, no necrosis, clear boundaries, and varying degrees of increased FDG metabolism. CT enhancement in 12 cases of non-seminoma showed significantly heterogeneous enhancement, necrosis, unclear boundaries, and slightly increased FDG metabolism. The enhanced CT features of seminoma and non-seminoma were compared. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of the enhancement degrees [6 cases (mild), 4 cases (moderate), 1 case (obvious);0 case(mild), 4 cases (moderate), and 8 cases (obvious), respectively], necrosis (3 cases, 10 cases), and unclear boundaries (0 cases, 5 cases) (χ2=11.42, 5.32, 11.24,all P<0.05). The SUVmax and SUVmax L/B of the two groups of patients were compared, and the differences were not statistically significant(Z=0.77, -0.92, all P>0.05). Among the 49 patients, 11 cases were in stage Ⅰ, 19 cases in stage Ⅱ,6 cases in stage Ⅲ, and 13 cases in stage Ⅳ.

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET/CT combined with contrastenhanced CT has high value in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and staging of testicular malignant tumors.

图1 睾丸PET/CT扫描病变和背景的勾画示例图像 注:睾丸病变处勾画ROI(红色圆圈所示),背景处勾画ROI(黑色圆圈所示);ROI为感兴趣区;PET/CT为正电子发射计算机体层显像仪
表1 19例睾丸生殖细胞瘤肿瘤标志物表达情况(例)
表2 49例睾丸恶性肿瘤患者的SUVmax和SUVmax L/B及转移情况分析
表3 49例睾丸血液系统肿瘤与非血液系统肿瘤PET/CT代谢参数比较[MQ1Q3)]
图2 精原细胞瘤患者PET/CT及增强CT图像 注:53岁男性患者,因“发现右侧睾丸肿物3年余,进行性增大”入院,有隐睾病史,甲胎蛋白水平正常,人绒毛膜促性腺素为27.83(0~2.67)U/L;a图为MIP图,可见睾丸肿物(实箭头)及腹腔肿物(虚箭头)局限性FDG摄取增高;b、c图分别为横断位腹膜后肿大淋巴结、睾丸肿物PET/CT融合图像;d图为睾丸肿物增强CT图像,可见右侧睾丸肿物(实性箭头),增强扫描呈轻度均匀强化,FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为9.7,腹膜后肿大淋巴结伴糖代谢增高,SUVmax为8.7,增强CT另见肿物有间隔强化(白色曲箭头);e图病理可见瘤细胞呈圆形,异型明显,核分裂易见,排列呈实性巢状(HE ×10),免疫组织化学结果支持为精原细胞瘤。PET/CT为正电子发射计算机体层显像仪;MIP为最大密度投影;FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;SUVmax为最大标准摄取值
图3 卵黄囊瘤患者PET/CT及增强CT图像 注:25岁男性患者,因“腰痛并右下肢疼痛1月余”入院,有隐睾病史,外院行腰椎内固定术后;本院实验室检查甲胎蛋白>54000(0~9)μg/L;人绒毛膜促性腺素水平正常。a图为MIP图,可见左肺、肝脏、腹腔(实箭头)及睾丸内肿物(虚箭头)多发病灶。b、c、d图横断位依次为肺结节、肝肿物PET/CT融合及肝肿物增强CT图像,可见多发转移瘤(实性箭头),FDG摄取不同程度增高;肝肿物增强CT呈轻度不均匀强化。e、f图横断位为PET/CT融合及增强CT图像,可见左侧睾丸肿物(虚线箭头),增强CT可见肿物呈明显不均匀强化,内见坏死区,FDG摄取呈不均匀增高,SUVmax为9.7。MIP图及e、f图,可见左侧耻骨及腰5椎体骨质破坏(曲箭头),FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为9.9;g图病理可见瘤细胞异型性明显,形成筛网状、乳头状、卵黄囊样等多种结构,可见大片坏死,间质黏液样变性(HE ×4),免疫组织化学结果支持为卵黄囊瘤。PET/CT为正电子发射计算机体层显像仪;MIP为最大密度投影;FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;SUVmax为最大标准摄取值
表4 49例睾丸恶性肿瘤患者的增强CT特征分析
图4 睾丸原发肿瘤合并肺结核与结核性病变睾丸浸润PET/CT及增强CT特点比较 注:患者1(左侧病例),33岁,因“发现左侧阴囊肿大2年余,消瘦半年”入院,既往有结核病史。实验室检查AFP水平正常,HCG:14.1(0~2.67)U/L。a图为MIP图,可见右肺内、左侧睾丸内局限性FDG摄取增高;b、c图横断位肺CT、PET/CT融合肺窗,可见右肺背段结节伴钙化(虚箭头),FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为4.3,结合患者病史,考虑肺结核治疗后改变;d图为横断位PET/CT融合,可见左侧睾丸肿物(实性箭头),FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为5.2;e图病理可见肿瘤组织排列呈实性巢状,免疫组织化学结果为精原细胞瘤(HE ×40)。患者2(右侧病例),22岁,因“右侧睾丸疼痛”入院,实验室检查AFP及HCG水平均正常。f图为MIP图,可见左肺内(箭头),左侧颈部、腹腔及盆腔内(空心箭头),右侧睾丸内(曲箭头)局限性FDG摄取增高;g图为横断位PET/CT融合肺窗,可见左肺下叶前内基底段结节伴钙化(箭头),局部见FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为2.8;h、i图为横断位PET/CT融合及增强CT图像,可见右侧睾丸内结节灶(曲箭头),增强扫描呈环形强化,局部见FDG摄取增高,SUVmax为15.3;j图为横断位颈部增强CT图像,可见左侧颈部Ⅱ区多发淋巴结影(空心箭头),增强扫描呈环形强化,后患者被确诊为结核并血行播散。AFP为甲胎蛋白;HCG为人绒毛膜促性腺激素;PET/CT为正电子发射计算机体层显像仪;MIP为最大密度投影;FDG为氟代脱氧葡萄糖;SUVmax为最大标准摄取值
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