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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (01) : 31 -37. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2026.01.004

临床研究

不同蛋白尿水平子痫前期患者血压控制对胎儿生长受限的影响
杨琳, 李慧敏()   
  1. 712000 咸阳,陕西省核工业二一五医院产科
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-15 出版日期:2026-02-26
  • 通信作者: 李慧敏

Effect of blood pressure control on fetal growth restriction in preeclampsia patients with different proteinuria levels

Lin Yang, Huimin Li()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics, Shanxi Provincial Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
  • Received:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-26
  • Corresponding author: Huimin Li
引用本文:

杨琳, 李慧敏. 不同蛋白尿水平子痫前期患者血压控制对胎儿生长受限的影响[J/OL]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2026, 14(01): 31-37.

Lin Yang, Huimin Li. Effect of blood pressure control on fetal growth restriction in preeclampsia patients with different proteinuria levels[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2026, 14(01): 31-37.

目的

探讨不同蛋白尿水平子痫前期(PE)患者血压控制对胎儿生长受限(FGR)的影响。

方法

收集2023年3月至2025年2月陕西省核工业二一五医院产科收治的199例PE患者资料进行回顾性研究,根据蛋白尿水平分为轻度蛋白尿组(n=112)、大量蛋白尿组(n=87),其中103例治疗期间平均血压控制在130~139/80~89 mmHg(严格控制亚组)(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),96例治疗期间平均血压控制在140~155/90~105 mmHg(常规控制亚组)。比较不同蛋白尿水平患者基线资料,比较各组主要结局指标FGR发生率,分析FGR相关影响因素,分析蛋白尿与血压控制目标对FGR的交互作用,比较各组母体安全性、胎儿/新生儿结局。

结果

大量蛋白尿组收缩压为(151.32±5.08)mmHg,舒张压为(99.65±4.21)mmHg,24 h尿蛋白定量为(5.43±1.10)g,高于轻度蛋白尿组[(145.89±4.67)mmHg,(94.56±3.89)mmHg,(1.12±0.26)g](t=7.829,8.832,40.077;均P<0.05)。大量蛋白尿组FGR发生率[27.59%(24/87)]高于轻度蛋白尿组[12.50%(14/112)](χ2=7.213,P<0.01);在大量蛋白尿组内,严格控制亚组FGR发生率[39.02%(16/41)]高于常规控制亚组[17.39%(8/46)](χ2=5.079,P<0.05)。非FGR组24 h尿蛋白定量、收缩压、舒张压、蛋白尿分层与FGR组比较,均差异有统计学意义(t=6.926,5.804,6.076,χ2=7.213;均P<0.05)。在全部PE患者中,校正了收缩压、舒张压后,24 h尿蛋白定量(OR=1.603,95%CI:1.214~2.117)是FGR相关影响因素(P<0.01);大量蛋白尿组内,血压控制目标(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.522~2.839)是FGR影响因素(P<0.01)。经交互作用分析显示,PE患者蛋白尿与血压控制目标RERI=1.882(95%CI:1.054~2.710),S=6.937(95%CI:3.258~7.004),AP=0.588(95%CI:0.396~0.712),既有大量蛋白尿又接受严格血压控制的患者所发生的FGR病例中,有58.8%的风险是由这两个因素的协同作用造成。大量蛋白尿组发生严重高血压患者为16例(18.39%),高于轻度蛋白尿组10例(8.93%),大量蛋白尿组新生儿出生体重[(2 195.03±495.65)g]低于轻度蛋白尿组[(2 569.23±483.26)g],均差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.860,t=5.358;均P<0.05)。

结论

PE患者的蛋白尿水平与血压控制目标共同影响FGR发生风险,大量蛋白尿是FGR发生的独立危险因素,且相关患者采用严格的血压控制目标则会增加FGR发生率。

Objective

To explore the impact of blood pressure control strategies on fetal growth restriction (FGR) in preeclampsia (PE) patients with different proteinuria levels.

Methods

The data of 199 PE patients admitted to Shanxi Provincial Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital from March 2023 to February 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the level of proteinuria, they were divided into a mild proteinuria group (n=112) and a massive proteinuria group (n=87). Among them, 103 patients had an average blood pressure controlled at 130-139/80-89 mmHg (strict control subgroup) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), while 96 cases had an average blood pressure controlled at 140-155/90-105 mmHg (conventional control subgroup). The study aimed to compare the baseline data of patients with different proteinuria levels, compare the incidence of FGR as the primary outcome in each group, analyze influencing factors related to FGR, investigate the interaction between proteinuria and blood pressure control target on FGR, and compare the maternal safety and fetal/neonatal outcomes among groups.

Results

The systolic blood pressure (151.32±5.08)mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (99.65±4.21)mmHg and 24 h urine protein quantification (5.43±1.10)g in the massive proteinuria group were significantly higher than those in the mild proteinuria group [(145.89±4.67)mmHg, (94.56±3.89)mmHg, (1.12±0.26)g] (t=7.829, 8.832, 40.077, all P<0.05). The incidence of FGR in the massive proteinuria group[27.59(24/87)], was significantly higher than that in the mild proteinuria group[12.50%(14/112)] (χ2=7.213, P<0.01). Within the massive proteinuria group, the incidence of FGR in the strictly controlled subgroup [39.02%(16/41)] was higher than that in the conventionally controlled subgroup [17.39%(8/46)] (χ2=5.079, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in 24 h urinary protein quantification, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria stratification between the non-FGR group and the FGR group (t=6.926, 5.804, 6.076, χ2=7.213, all P<0.05). In all PE patients, after adjusting for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, 24 h urinary protein quantification (OR=1.603, 95%CI: 1.214-2.117) was a significant influencing factor of FGR (P<0.01). Within the massive proteinuria group, the blood pressure control target (OR=2.079, 95%CI: 1.522-2.839) was a influencing factor of FGR (P<0.01). The interaction analysis showed for proteinuria and blood pressure control target in PE patients, RERI=1.882 (95%CI: 1.054-2.710), S=6.937 (95%CI: 3.258-7.004), AP=0.588 (95%CI: 0.396-0.712). Among FGR cases in patients with both massive proteinuria and strict blood pressure control, 58.8% of the risk was caused by the synergistic effect of these 2 factors. Severe hypertension was observed in 16 patients (18.39%) in the high proteinuria group, significantly higher than the 10 cases (8.93%) in the mild proteinuria group (P<0.05). The birth weight of newborns in the massive proteinuria group [(2 195.03±495.65)g] was lower than that in the mild proteinuria group [(2 569.23±483.26)g] (P<0.01).

Conclusions

The proteinuria level and blood pressure control target of PE patients affect the risk of FGR together. Massive proteinuria is an independent risk factor for FGR, and the use of strict blood pressure control targets in related patients will increase the incidence of FGR.

表1 两组PE患者基线资料比较
表2 各组PE患者主要结局指标FGR发生率比较[例(%)]
表3 FGR组与非FGR组基线资料比较
表4 多因素Logistic回归分析FGR相关影响因素
表5 蛋白尿与血压控制目标对FGR的交互作用分析
表6 各组PE患者母体安全性、胎儿/新生儿结局比较
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