To explore the relationship between total body water (TBW) and blood pressure, inorganic salts and gender in patients with essential hypertension.

From June to July 2017, 273 patients with essential hypertension in Hypertension Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled in the study. According to the median of TBW, the patients were divided into low level group of TBW (n=136) and high level group of TBW (n=137). At the same time, the blood pressure, inorganic salt level, body mass index (BMI) were collected in the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of TBW level, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between TBW and blood pressure and inorganic salts.

The BMI [(26.88±3.40)kg/m²], inorganic salts [(4.24±0.47)g], standard inorganic salts [(3.69±0.35)g], systolic blood pressure(SBP) [(123.11±6.54)mmHg](1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) [(68.32±6.91)mmHg] of the high level group of TBW were higher than the BMI [(24.34±3.07)kg/m²], inorganic salts [(3.15±0.30)g], standard inorganic salts [(2.83±0.23)g)], SBP [(119.01±8.20)mmHg] and DBP [(64.59±5.78)mmHg] of the low level group of TBW, with significant differences (t=6.48, 23.02, 24.05, 4.57, 4.84, all P<0.01). Inorganic salt level was an independent risk factor of the increase of TBW (OR=1.083, P<0.01), however, femininity was a protective factor of the increase of TBW (OR=0.065, P<0.01). The BMI [(26.43±3.25)kg/m²], TBW [(43.50±5.26)g], inorganic salts [(4.23±0.52)g], standard inorganic salts [(3.76±0.28)g], SBP[(123.37±6.29)mmHg] and DBP [(68.69±6.91)mmHg] of male patients were all higher than the BMI [(24.90±3.52)kg/m²], TBW [(32.14±3.62)g], inorganic salts [(3.22±0.37)g], standard inorganic salts [(2.83±0.21)g], SBP [(119.03±8.23)mmHg] and DBP [(64.50±5.71)mmHg] of female patients, with significant differences (t=3.70, 20.53, 18.08, 30.98, 4.92, 5.49, all P<0.01). In male patients, systolic blood pressure had no correlation with ages, BMI, TBW, inorganic salts, waist hip rate, standard inorganic salts (r=0.138, 0.147, 0.071, 0.056, 0.169, 0.060, all P>0.05), there was a positive correlation between DBP and ages (r=0.280, P<0. 01). In female patients, SBP and DBP had a positive correlation with ages, BMI, waist hip rate (r=0.359, 0.242, 0.344, 0.386, 0.263, 0.387, all P<0.01).

The blood pressure of the high level group of TBW is higher than that of the low level group of TBW. Inorganic salt level is an independent risk factor of the increase of TBW. However, femininity is a protective factor of the increase of TBW. The BMI, TBW, inorganic salts, SBP and DBP of male patients are all higher than those of female ones. SBP in males has a positive correlation with ages. SBP and DBP in females have a positive correlation with ages, BMI and waist hip rate.