Abstract:

Olfactory reference disorder （ORD） is a psychiatric condition characterized by a persistent and false belief that one emits a foul or unpleasant body odour. This belief leads significant distress and impaired social functioning. It is often accompanied by referential thinking and repetitive behaviours aimed at concealing， changing or avoiding the perceived odour. Its diagnosis should be distinguished from various physical diseases （such as periodontitis， trimethylaminuria， rectal abscess， anal fistula， and temporal lobe epilepsy）， social anxiety disorder， obsessive-compulsive disorder， body dysmorphic disorder， delusional disorder， and other primary psychotic disorders， mood disorder， avoidant personality disorder， and bodily distress disorder. Evidence for the treatment of ORD primarily comes from case reports， while large-sample randomized controlled studies are lacking. The treatment for ORD includes antidepressants， antipsychotic drugs， antipsychotic drugs combined with antidepressants， and psychotherapy. Multi-center， randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate the efficacy of these treatments. This paper systematically reviews the clinical characteristics， diagnosis， differential diagnosis and treatment of ORD， providing scientific evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ORD.

Key words: Olfactory reference disorder, Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis, Drug therapy, Psychotherapy