Osteoporosis(OP)is a chronic metabolic bone disease that has become increasingly prevalent due to the global aging population, imposing a significant burden on public health worldwide. Insulin resistance(IR), a major systemic metabolic abnormality, disrupts bone remodeling homeostasis and impairs bone quality, serving as a key pathophysiological mechanism for the onset and progression of OP. The triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index, an convenient alternative marker for IR, is increasingly utilized to evaluate bone health; however, its association with bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and fracture risk remains controversial. Therefore, this review elucidates the relationship between the TyG index and bone health, aiming to provide a new perspective for risk assessment and early intervention of OP in clinical practice.