To explore the diagnostic features of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

The clinical data of a patient with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease admitted to the emergency department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University on June 26, 2020 was retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed.

The patient was a 31-year-old young female who was admitted to the hospital for " fever for 1 week" , accompanied by fatigue, cough, and abdominal distension. Physical examination showed multiple lymph node enlargement, low breath sounds in both lower lungs, and dull percussion note. Chest CT showed a large amount of pleural effusion, and anti-infective treatment was not effective.Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) DNA quantitative detection was in the normal range, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. The pathological examination of the left cervical lymph node biopsy showed reactive hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue, and the morphology showed the hyaline vascular change of Castleman′s disease. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic polycentric Castleman′s disease.

Early improvement of HHV-8 DNA quantitative detection, immunological indicators, bone marrow biopsy and lymph node pathological examination are helpful for early diagnosis and typing of Castleman′s disease.