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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (01) : 56 -61. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2021.01.013

所属专题: 文献

临床研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间护士自我感知压力影响因素的分析
常飞飞1, 曹迎春1,(), 周玉兰1, 冯晓瑜1   
  1. 1. 510000 广州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-21 出版日期:2021-02-10
  • 通信作者: 曹迎春
  • 基金资助:
    2018年广州医科大学教育科学规划项目(20180126)

Analysis of the influencing factors of nurses′ self perceived stress during the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019

Feifei Chang1, Yingchun Cao1,(), Yulan Zhou1, Xiaoyu Feng1   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • Received:2020-07-21 Published:2021-02-10
  • Corresponding author: Yingchun Cao
引用本文:

常飞飞, 曹迎春, 周玉兰, 冯晓瑜. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间护士自我感知压力影响因素的分析[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2021, 09(01): 56-61.

Feifei Chang, Yingchun Cao, Yulan Zhou, Xiaoyu Feng. Analysis of the influencing factors of nurses′ self perceived stress during the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2021, 09(01): 56-61.

目的

探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间临床护士自我感知压力的影响因素。

方法

2020年2月10日至3月20日,通过"问卷星"平台对广州市3所三级甲等医院260例参加疫情防控的临床护士进行调查,回收有效问卷245例。采用一般情况调查表、工作负荷问卷、应急能力问卷、自我感知压力量表进行调查,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析临床护士自我感知压力的影响因素,并通过路径分析探讨各影响因素之间的具体路径。

结果

共245例护士参与问卷调查,其中疫情期间发生高感知压力的护士133例(54.29%);高工作负荷护士60.41%(148/245);具有较强应急能力的护士占比55.51%(136/245)。单因素分析结果显示,受教育程度、所属科室、是否子女同住、是否接触过疑似或确诊患者、自评心理状况及工作负荷对临床护士的自我感知压力有影响(χ2=7.59,24.13,5.21,6.07,7.47,5.19;均P<0.05);Logistic回归模型结果显示,不同受教育程度如本科(OR=0.208)、硕士及以上(OR=0.331)、自评心理健康状况(OR=1.933)及工作负荷(OR=2.100)是护士自我感知压力的影响因素(均P<0.05);路径分析结果显示,工作负荷对自我感知压力具有直接效应和间接效应,中介效应通过自评心理健康调节。

结论

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间临床护士自我感知压力处于较高水平,其中受教育程度越低、工作负荷越重、自评心理健康状况越差的护士发生高自我感知压力的风险越大。

Objective

To explore the influencing factors of clinical nurses′ self perceived stress during the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

Through the "Questionnaire Star" platform from February 10 to March 20, 2020, 260 clinical nurses from 3 grade A hospitals in Guangzhou who participating in epidemic prevention and control were investigated, and 245 valid questionnaires were recovered. They were surveyed by the general situation questionnaire, workload questionnaire, emergency response ability questionnaire and perceived stress scale. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of self perceived stress in clinical nurses, and the specific paths among the influencing factors were discussed through path analysis.

Results

In this study, 245 nurses were included, 133 of whom had high perceived stress during the outbreak of COVID-19, accounting for 54.29%. Nurses with high workload accounted for 60.41%(148/245), and nurses with strong emergency ability accounted for 55.51%(136/245). Univariate analysis results showed that education, department, whether children living with them, whether they having contacted with suspected or confirmed patients, self-rated mental health status and workload had effects on the self perceived stress of clinical nurses (χ2=7.59, 24.13, 5.21, 6.07, 7.47, 5.19, all P<0.05). The results of Logistic regression model showed that different education levels, such as undergraduate (OR=0.208), master′s degree and above (OR=0.331), self-rated mental health (OR=1.933) and workload (OR=2.100) were the influencing factors of nurses′ self perceived stress (all P<0.05). Path analysis showed that workload had direct and indirect effects on self perceived stress, and mediating effects were regulated by self-rated mental health.

Conclusions

The self perceived pressure of clinical nurses is at a high level during the prevention and control of COVID-19. Nurses with lower education level, heavier workload and worse self-rated mental health status are at greater risk of high self perceived stress.

表1 护士自我感知压力影响因素的单因素分析结果(例)
项目 总例数 低感知压力 高感知压力 χ2 P
性别 245 112 133 6.85 0.140
  32 11 21    
  213 101 112    
年龄(岁)a 241 111 130 4.96 0.370
  <30 131 47 84    
  30~40 70 39 31    
  >40 40 25 15    
受教育程度 245 112 133 7.59 0.022
  专科及以下 41 25 16    
  本科 178 80 98    
  硕士及以上 26 7 19    
婚姻a 241 110 131 7.14 0.080
  未婚 103 54 49    
  已婚已育 114 45 69    
  已婚未育 24 11 13    
所属科室 245 112 133 24.13 0.001
  内科 71 31 37    
  外科 25 16 9    
  妇产科 49 22 26    
  急诊 31 14 20    
  儿科 18 6 12    
  ICU 36 12 22    
  手术室 15 11 7    
职称 245 112 133 3.02 0.450
  初级 151 72 79    
  中级 63 40 23    
  高级 31 18 13    
家庭人均月收入(元) 245 112 133 4.91 0.200
  <3 000 29 12 17    
  3 000~6 000 101 51 50    
  >6 000 115 49 66    
用工形式 245 112 133 3.62 0.570
  正式编制 101 49 52    
  编外人员 144 73 71    
工作年限(年) 245 112 133 6.83 0.070
  <1 34 10 24    
  1~3 73 21 52    
  4~9 88 45 43    
  >10 50 36 14    
子女同住 245 112 133 5.21 0.022
  91 33 58    
  154 79 75    
孕妇同住 245 112 133 5.82 0.090
  5 1 4    
  240 111 129    
老人同住 245 112 133 3.58 0.720
  89 50 39    
  156 62 94    
疫情期间是否参加医疗支援 245 112 133 10.92 0.150
  23 2 21    
  222 110 112    
支援地点 245 112 133 9.73 0.860
  武汉 10 1 9    
  其他医院 13 3 10    
  222 108 114    
夫妻同医务人员 245 112 133 12.81 0.350
  33 14 19    
  212 98 114    
接触过疑似或确诊患者 245 112 133 6.07 0.048
  49 18 31    
  130 69 61    
  不确定 66 25 41    
参加过传染病突发事件的救援 245 112 133 13.78 0.140
  37 9 28    
  208 103 105    
您认为自己心理健康水平 245 112 133 7.47 0.006
  健康 164 85 79    
  不健康 81 27 54    
工作负荷 245 112 133 5.19 0.014
  低负荷 97 45 52    
  高负荷 148 67 81    
应急能力 245 112 133 16.61 0.090
  弱应急能力 109 35 74    
  强应急能力 136 77 59    
表2 护士自我感知压力影响因素的Logistic回归分析
图1 护士自我感知压力影响因素的路径分析
表3 临床护士自我感知压力影响因素的路径分析
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