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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (02) : 87 -91. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2023.02.004

感染性疾病诊治

肢体坏死性筋膜炎的诊断学特征并文献复习
赵键1, 孙法同1, 邢宝杰1, 王勇2, 吕琳1, 于雪淳1, 王海滨2, 贾代良3,()   
  1. 1. 272013 济宁医学院临床医学院
    2. 272029 济宁医学院附属医院急诊外科
    3. 272013 济宁医学院临床医学院;272029 济宁医学院附属医院急诊外科
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-24 出版日期:2023-05-04
  • 通信作者: 贾代良
  • 基金资助:
    济宁医学院国家自然(社会)科学基金培育项目(JYP2019KJ17)

Diagnostic features of necrotizing fasciitis of the limb and literature review

Jian Zhao1, Fatong Sun1, Baojie Xing1, Yong Wang2, Lin Lyu1, Xuechun Yu1, Haibin Wang2, Dailiang Jia3,()   

  1. 1. College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China
    2. Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China
    3. College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Department of Emergency Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, China
  • Received:2022-01-24 Published:2023-05-04
  • Corresponding author: Dailiang Jia
引用本文:

赵键, 孙法同, 邢宝杰, 王勇, 吕琳, 于雪淳, 王海滨, 贾代良. 肢体坏死性筋膜炎的诊断学特征并文献复习[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2023, 11(02): 87-91.

Jian Zhao, Fatong Sun, Baojie Xing, Yong Wang, Lin Lyu, Xuechun Yu, Haibin Wang, Dailiang Jia. Diagnostic features of necrotizing fasciitis of the limb and literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2023, 11(02): 87-91.

目的

探讨肢体坏死性筋膜炎的临床诊断学特征。

方法

回顾性分析2021年1月20日与2021年3月27日济宁医学院附属医院急诊外科收治的2例肢体坏死性筋膜炎的诊疗经过,并复习相关文献,总结肢体坏死性筋膜炎的症状特点、诊断方法和治疗措施。

结果

病例1患者入院时意识模糊,右侧下肢、胸腹壁肿胀并疼痛,有皮下波动感,术中切开可见大量脓液以及坏死的皮下组织与筋膜,呈坏死性筋膜炎的特征性表现,行筋膜切除性清创术和创面负压引流术,术后患者病情好转,神志逐渐清醒。病例2患者入院时右前臂、右上臂远端红肿疼痛,病理学检查结果示纤维脂肪组织伴急、慢性炎细胞浸润及脓肿形成,以及炎性渗出和坏死,符合坏死性筋膜炎表现;多次行清创手术并负压引流,感染得到控制。2例患者术中均可见坏死的皮下组织与筋膜,病原生物学检验提示致病菌为A组乙型溶血性链球菌。

结论

肢体坏死性筋膜炎早期症状不典型,临床表现及病原生物学检验对诊断具有重要意义。

Objective

To investigate the clinical diagnostic features of necrotizing fasciitis of limbs.

Methods

The diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of necrotizing fasciitis of limbs treated in the Department of Emergency Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University on January 20, 2021, and March 27, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed, and related literatures were reviewed to summarize the symptomatic features, diagnostic methods, and treatment measures.

Results

On arrival, patient 1 had hazy consciousness, swelling and pain in the right lower limb, chest, and abdominal wall, and subcutaneous undulation. During the operation, a significant amount of pus, necrotic subcutaneous tissue, and necrotic fascia were seen, displaying typical necrotizing fasciitis characteristics. The patient′s condition got better after fasciectomy debridement and wound negative pressure drainage, and awareness progressively cleared up. The right forearm and distal right upper arm were red, swollen, and painful when patient 2 was hospitalized. The results of the pathological examination were consistent with necrotizing fasciitis because they revealed fibroadipose tissue with acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, abscess formation, inflammatory exudation, and necrosis. The infection was managed with numerous debridement procedures and negative pressure drainage. During surgery, it was noticed that both patients had necrotic subcutaneous tissue and fascia. The biological examination of the pathogen in 2 patients indicated that the pathogenic bacteria was group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Conclusions

The initial signs of limb necrotizing fasciitis are uncommon. The biological analyses of infections and their clinical manifestations are crucial for diagnosis.

表1 2例男性肢体坏死性筋膜炎患者入院时一般情况
表2 2例肢体坏死性筋膜炎患者入院时实验室检查结果
图1 病例1肢体坏死性筋膜炎患者术中图像注:a、b、c图分别示术中患者右大腿外侧、右小腿内侧及右足处创面,箭头所示为坏死的皮下组织和深、浅筋膜
图2 病例2肢体坏死性筋膜炎患者术中右上肢图像注:a、b图示术中患肢创面,箭头所示为坏死的筋膜、皮下组织,以及渗出的脓液
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