糖尿病视网膜病变中神经退行性变的发病机制及其潜在的治疗方法

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2023.02.010

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一，也是全球范围内适龄工作人群失明的主要原因。糖尿病视网膜病变可引起视网膜的进行性损伤，最终导致视力丧失，影响患者的生活质量。在过去，糖尿病视网膜病变仅仅被认为是一种血管疾病；然而，现在人们广泛认为糖尿病视网膜病变是一种神经血管疾病，且神经退行性变的出现可能早于微血管病变。尽管对糖尿病视网膜病变进行了广泛的研究，但其复杂的发病机制尚未完全阐明。本综述主要讨论神经退行性变在糖尿病视网膜病变中可能的发病机制及针对神经退行性变的潜在治疗方法。

关键词: 糖尿病视网膜病变, 神经变性疾病, 神经胶质细胞, 谷氨酸, 神经保护因子

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common diabetes complications and the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy can cause progressive retinal damage, eventually leading to the vision loss and lowering the patient′s quality of life.In the past, diabetic retinopathy was considered to be only a vascular disease. However, it is now widely believed that diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular disease with neurodegeneration occurring prior to the appearance of the microvascular lesions. Although diabetic retinopathy has been extensively studied, its complex pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and this review focuses on the possible pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy as well as potential treatments.

Key words: Diabetic retinopathy, Neurodegenerative diseases, Neuroglial cell, Glutamic acid, Neuroprotective factor

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The pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy and potential therapeutic approaches

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The pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy and potential therapeutic approaches