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中华诊断学电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (02) : 115 -119. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-655X.2023.02.009

内分泌代谢性疾病诊治

伴基因突变的低钾血症诊断学特征分析
王倩1, 王永萍1, 李新培1, 杨成艳2, 许慧3, 孙凤娟3, 刘亚平4,()   
  1. 1. 272013 济宁医学院临床医学院
    2. 271099 泰安,山东第一医科大学临床医学院
    3. 272002 济宁市第一人民医院内分泌科
    4. 272002 济宁市第一人民医院内分泌科;272000 济宁,辰欣药业股份有限公司
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-14 出版日期:2023-05-04
  • 通信作者: 刘亚平

Diagnostic characteristics of hypokalemia with gene mutations

Qian Wang1, Yongping Wang1, Xinpei Li1, Chengyan Yang2, Hui Xu3, Fengjuan Sun3, Yaping Liu4,()   

  1. 1. College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China
    2. College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271099, China
    3. Department of Endocrinology, the First People′s Hospital of Jining, Jining 272002, China
    4. Department of Endocrinology, the First People′s Hospital of Jining, Jining 272002, China; Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jining 272000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
  • Received:2022-10-14 Published:2023-05-04
  • Corresponding author: Yaping Liu
引用本文:

王倩, 王永萍, 李新培, 杨成艳, 许慧, 孙凤娟, 刘亚平. 伴基因突变的低钾血症诊断学特征分析[J]. 中华诊断学电子杂志, 2023, 11(02): 115-119.

Qian Wang, Yongping Wang, Xinpei Li, Chengyan Yang, Hui Xu, Fengjuan Sun, Yaping Liu. Diagnostic characteristics of hypokalemia with gene mutations[J]. Chinese Journal of Diagnostics(Electronic Edition), 2023, 11(02): 115-119.

目的

探讨Liddle综合征、Gitelman综合征的临床特点、诊断思路及基因检测的必要性。

方法

回顾性分析济宁市第一人民医院内分泌科收治的2例低钾血症患者临床资料,完善相关检查及基因检测。

结果

患者1肢体乏力进行性加重,血钾2.2 mmol/L,血钠148 mmol/L,血压最高178/110 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),父母均患高血压病。基因检测发现患者携带SCNN1B基因c.1783_1784insT(p.Ala595ValfsTer13)移码突变,确诊为Liddle综合征;患者2发作性四肢抽搐,血钾2.74 mmol/L,血镁0.64 mmol/L,血压97/75 mmHg,基因检测发现SLC12A3基因c.536T>A(p.Val179Asp)、c.1763C>T(p.Ala588Val)错义突变,确诊为Gitelman综合征。

结论

Liddle综合征、Gitelman综合征是临床上导致低钾血症的罕见疾病,其临床表现有时并不明显,基因检测是重要确诊手段,并且有助于靶向治疗。本研究通过基因检测发现SCNN1B、SLC12A3基因新的突变位点。

Objective

To discuss the clinical features, diagnostic ideas, and the need for genetic testing of Liddle syndrome and Gitelman syndrome.

Methods

Retrospectively analyzing 2 patients with hypokalemia in Endocrinology Department of the First People′s Hospital of Jining, including clinical manifestations, relevant examination improvement, and gene detection.

Results

Patient 1 had progressive aggravation of limb weakness, serum potassium 2.2 mmol/L, serum sodium 148 mmol/L, the highest blood pressure 178/110 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and both parents suffered from hypertension. Gene detection showed that the patient had a frameshift mutation of SCNN1B gene c. 1783_1784insT(p.Ala595ValfsTer13). The patient was diagnosed with Liddle syndrome. Patient 2 had paroxysmal limb convulsions, serum potassium 2.74 mmol/L, serum magnesium 0.64 mmol/L, and blood pressure 97/75 mmHg. Gene detection revealed missense mutations of SLC12A3 gene c. 536T>A(p.Val179Asp), c. 1763C>T(p.Ala588Val), and the patient was diagnosed with Gitelman syndrome.

Conclusions

Liddle syndrome and Gitelman syndrome are rare diseases that lead to hypokalemia clinically, and their clinical manifestations are sometimes not obvious. Gene detection is an important diagnostic tool that aids in targeted treatment. Gene detection was used in this study to discover new mutant sites in the SCNN1B and SLC12A3 genes.

图1 Liddle综合征患者及父母SCNN1B基因测序图注:a图为患者1基因移码突变,c.1783_1784insT(p.Ala595ValfsTer13),该变异编码区第1783_1784号核苷酸间插入T,导致从第595号氨基酸Ala开始发生合成改变,并在改变后的第13个氨基酸终止;b图为患者1父亲SCNN1B基因移码突变,c.1783_1784insT(p.Ala595ValfsTer13);c图为患者1母亲基因检测未发现变异
图2 Gitelman综合征患者及母亲SLC12A3基因测序图注:a图为患者2 SLC12A3基因Exon4错义突变,c.536 T>A(p.Val179Asp),第536位碱基T突变为A,导致第179位缬氨酸突变为天冬氨酸;b图为患者2母亲SLC12A3基因Exon4未检测到变异(野生型);c图为患者2 SLC12A3基因Exon14错义突变,c.1763 C>T(p.Ala588Val),第1 763位碱基C突变为T,使第588位丙氨酸突变为缬氨酸;d图为患者2母亲SLC12A3基因Exon14错义突变,c.1763 C>T(p.Ala588Val)
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