从我国安全形势分析，近年军事冲突潜在风险主要集中在特殊地理环境。特殊环境一般分为作业环境和自然环境两个方面。特殊自然环境有环境极端恶劣、交通不便、通信不佳、极高/低温、空气稀薄、氧分压低、偏僻荒凉等特点，如高原极寒、干旱沙漠等环境；特殊作业环境指的是相对封闭狭小的空间，噪声污染严重、温度高、湿度大、干燥蒸发大等，如战机驾驶舱、潜艇内环境、水面舰艇、装甲车车内等军事作业环境。在特殊自然环境长时间作业经常处于高度紧张状态，心理疲劳、精神紧张、倦怠、心理应激障碍比较突出；而特殊作业环境则更易导致活动受到限制、工作角色单一，工作重复率极高，易产生烦躁、低落、紧张、易怒等负面情绪。特殊环境下作业不仅对身体产生巨大影响，对心理健康也损害严重。本研究综述在特殊环境下作业的军事人员在高原高寒、干旱沙漠、高温高湿环境、高空及水上/下作业的特殊环境心理应激状况，并对相关因素进行分析，期望能对特殊环境下作业的军事人员在心理应激的诊治及预防方面提供一定的启示。

Based on the analysis of the security situation of our country, the potential risks of military conflicts in recent years have been concentrated in special geographical environments. The special environment is generally divided into two aspects: the working environment and the natural environment. Special natural environment features include extremely harsh environment, inconvenient transportation, poor communication, extremely high/low temperature, thin air, low oxygen partial pressure, remoteness and desolation, etc, such as extremely cold plateau, dry desert and other environments. Special operating environment refers to relatively closed and narrow spaces, severe noise pollution, high temperature and humidity, high evaporation and dryness, such as fighter cockpits, submarine environments, surface ships, armored vehicles and other military operating environments. Long-term work in special natural environments is often in a high stress state, and it is more prominent in psychological fatigue, mental stress, burnout psychological symptoms, and psychological stress disorders, while special work environments are more likely to lead to restricted activities, single job roles, and extremely high repetition rates, and easier to produce irritability, depression, tension, and other negative emotions. Working under the special circumstances not only has a huge impact on the soldiers′ body, but also affects their mental health. This study summarizes the special environmental psychological stress conditions of military personnel operating in special environments, such as plateau alpine, arid deserts, high temperature and high humidity environments, high altitude and above/under water operations, and analyzes related factors. It provides some enlightenment to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of psychological stress for military personnel operating under special circumstances.